SPE Extraction of Trace Pharmaceutical Metabolites in Surface Water
Sources of Pharmaceutical Metabolites in Aquatic Environments Pharmaceutical metabolites enter surface water systems through multiple pathways, creating complex environmental challenges. The primary sources include wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, agricultural runoff from livestock operations, and direct discharge from pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. According to environmental monitoring studies, conventional WWTPs often fail to completely remove pharmaceutical compounds […]
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