Trace Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Pharmaceutical residues in drinking water represent a growing concern for environmental regulators and public health officials worldwide. Even at trace levels (ng/L to µg/L), compounds such as antibiotics, hormones, and analgesics can pose ecological risks and potential human health effects. The challenge lies in their low concentrations and the complexity […]

Introduction Pesticide degradation products, often referred to as metabolites or transformation products, are increasingly recognized as critical environmental contaminants. While parent pesticides are routinely monitored, many degradation products exhibit higher mobility, persistence, and in some cases, greater toxicity than their precursors. Monitoring these compounds in surface water is essential for a comprehensive risk assessment of

Introduction to PFAS Contamination Issues Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products due to their unique water- and oil-repellent properties. However, their extreme persistence in the environment and potential adverse health effects—including immune suppression, thyroid disruption, and certain cancers—have made them a top priority