Regulatory Limits for Antibiotic Residues in Dairy Products Antibiotic residues in milk and dairy products are strictly regulated worldwide to ensure consumer safety and prevent antimicrobial resistance. Regulatory agencies including the FDA, EU Commission, and Codex Alimentarius establish Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for various antibiotic classes. These limits typically range from 4-100 μg/kg depending on

Overview of Common Mycotoxins in Grain Mycotoxin contamination in grain represents one of the most significant food safety challenges facing the agricultural and food processing industries. Among the hundreds of mycotoxins identified, three classes dominate grain contamination profiles: aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA). Aflatoxins: The Carcinogenic Threat Aflatoxins, particularly B1, B2, G1, and G2,

Challenges of Pesticide Residue Extraction from Leafy Matrices Leafy vegetables present unique analytical challenges for pesticide residue analysis due to their complex matrix composition. The primary interfering compounds include chlorophyll, plant waxes, pigments (carotenoids, anthocyanins), organic acids, sugars, and various other plant metabolites. These components can significantly interfere with chromatographic analysis and mass spectrometric detection,