Introduction to PFAS Contamination Concerns Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent one of the most challenging environmental contaminants facing analytical chemists today. These synthetic chemicals, characterized by their strong carbon-fluorine bonds, have been widely used in industrial applications and consumer products for decades. Their persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation potential, and emerging evidence of health

Pharmaceutical Contaminants Commonly Detected in Wastewater Wastewater analysis reveals a diverse array of pharmaceutical contaminants originating from human excretion, improper disposal, and manufacturing effluents. These compounds typically exist at trace concentrations (ng/L to μg/L) but pose significant environmental concerns due to their biological activity. Common classes include: Analgesics and Anti-inflammatories: Ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, acetaminophen Antibiotics: