Applications

Overview of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that interfere with the endocrine system, leading to adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. They include natural hormones like estrogens, synthetic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The European Commission defines EDCs as substances that alter

Antibiotic Contamination in Aquaculture Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding sector of global food production, but its intensification has led to widespread use of antibiotics for disease prevention and growth promotion. This practice results in the release of antibiotic residues into surrounding water bodies through uneaten feed, fish excreta, and direct water discharge. These residues pose

Environmental Persistence of PFAS Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have garnered significant attention due to their extreme environmental persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and adverse health effects. These synthetic chemicals are widely used in industrial applications and consumer products for their water- and grease-resistant properties. Their carbon-fluorine bonds make them exceptionally stable, resisting degradation in the environment.

Trace Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Pharmaceutical residues in drinking water represent a growing concern for environmental regulators and public health officials worldwide. Even at trace levels (ng/L to µg/L), compounds such as antibiotics, hormones, and analgesics can pose ecological risks and potential human health effects. The challenge lies in their low concentrations and the complexity