Applications

Introduction to PFAS Contamination Issues Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products due to their unique water- and oil-repellent properties. However, their extreme persistence in the environment and potential adverse health effects—including immune suppression, thyroid disruption, and certain cancers—have made them a top priority

SPE Sample Preparation for Trace Heavy Metal Chelates in Water Heavy metal contamination in environmental waters remains a critical global concern. While regulatory frameworks often target total metal concentrations, the speciation and chelation state of metals profoundly impact their toxicity, bioavailability, and environmental fate. Chelating agents—both naturally occurring (humic substances, amino acids) and anthropogenic (EDTA,

Hospital Wastewater as a Source of Pharmaceutical Metabolites Hospital wastewater is a significant point source for pharmaceutical residues and their metabolites, including antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants, and contrast media. These compounds enter wastewater streams through patient excreta, disposal of unused medications, and laboratory activities. Unlike municipal sewage, hospital effluent contains higher concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredients