Wastewater Epidemiology Overview Wastewater epidemiology has emerged as a powerful public health tool that provides near real-time data on community-level drug consumption patterns. This innovative approach involves analyzing municipal wastewater for chemical biomarkers of illicit drug use, offering an objective, population-scale assessment that complements traditional survey methods. The technique traces its origins to environmental monitoring

Importance of Herbicide Monitoring in Surface Water Herbicide contamination in surface water represents a significant environmental and public health concern that demands rigorous monitoring programs. Agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and improper disposal practices can introduce these persistent organic compounds into aquatic ecosystems at concentrations that threaten both ecological balance and human water supplies. The trace-level