Herbicide Contamination in Agricultural Runoff Water Agricultural runoff represents one of the most significant pathways for herbicide contamination in aquatic ecosystems. When precipitation flows across agricultural fields, it carries with it a complex mixture of pesticides, fertilizers, and soil particles. This runoff can transport herbicides like atrazine, glyphosate, and their derivatives into nearby streams, rivers,

Pharmaceutical Residues as Emerging Environmental Contaminants The detection of pharmaceutical residues in treated wastewater has emerged as a critical environmental monitoring challenge over the past two decades. These compounds, including antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants, and hormones, enter wastewater systems through human excretion, improper disposal, and manufacturing processes. Unlike traditional pollutants, pharmaceuticals are designed to be biologically