1. Tea Matrix Challenges: Polyphenols and Pigments Tea presents one of the most challenging matrices for pesticide residue analysis due to its complex composition. The primary interferences stem from high concentrations of polyphenols (catechins, flavonoids, tannins) and pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids, theaflavins). These compounds can co-extract with target pesticides, leading to matrix effects, ion suppression in

Phenolic Compounds in Plant-Derived Foods Phenolic compounds represent a diverse class of secondary metabolites found abundantly in plant-derived foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, tea, coffee, wine, and olive oil. These compounds encompass flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, anthocyanins), phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids), stilbenes, and lignans. Their significance extends beyond basic plant physiology to human

Overview of Mycotoxin Contamination in Cereals Mycotoxin contamination in cereals represents one of the most significant challenges in global food safety. These toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi, particularly Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium species, can accumulate in grains during pre-harvest, harvest, and storage periods under favorable environmental conditions. Among the most concerning mycotoxins are aflatoxins